The Objectives of Sharī’ah, Comprehension and Application: A Scholarly Status

Abstract

This study examines the concept, scope, and relevance of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah (Objectives of Islamic Law) as a pivotal framework in Islamic jurisprudence. Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah elucidates the underlying purposes and wisdom of Sharīʿah rulings, guiding the application of law in contemporary contexts where explicit texts may be absent. Classical objectives include the protection of religion, life, intellect, progeny, and property. At the same time, modern scholarship extends these to encompass human dignity, freedom, individual and collective rights, social justice, and public welfare. The study traces the historical development of this field, highlighting contributions from classical scholars such as Al-Juwaynī, Al-Ghazālī, and Al-Shāṭibī, as well as modern reformers like Muhammad b. al-ʿĀshūr and ʿAllāl al-Fāsī. It emphasises Maqāṣid as an essential tool for ijtihād, enabling jurists to adapt Islamic law to new social, political, and economic challenges while preserving its fundamental objectives. The study also discusses key principles, including ease in hardship, balancing divine and human rights, and resolving textual conflicts. Understanding Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah offers critical insight into the wisdom behind classical rulings and provides practical guidance for modern governance, policymaking, and social reform, thereby bridging traditional jurisprudence with contemporary challenges.