خیر اور شر کے بارے میں متکلمین کی آراء کا ناقدانہ جائزہ

A Critical Review of the Theologians' Views on Good and Evil

Abstract

The intricacies of predestination and fate pose profound questions rooted in fundamental beliefs. While Allah Ta'ala is recognized as the ultimate creator of human actions, there exists a nuanced understanding that grants individuals agency in their deeds. This balance, wherein humans are both accountable for their actions yet ultimately governed by the divine, is a cornerstone of theological discourse spanning centuries. Esteemed scholars such as Imam Abu Bakr Jafar bin Muhammad Al-Faryabi, Imam Ibn Taymiyyah, Imam Ibn Qayyim, Imam Muhammad bin Salih al-Uthaymeen, and Imam Umar bin Sulaiman al-Ashqar have delved into this subject in their seminal works, which are explored within this thesis. In this paper, the perspectives of theologians regarding concepts of good and evil are comprehensively presented and analyzed, with particular emphasis on the stance of Ahlus Sunnah. Through critical evaluation, this thesis seeks to illuminate the complex interplay between human agency and divine decree, shedding light on a topic that has captivated scholarly minds for centuries.